Insights

2025.02.13 Jackson Lin

The Growing Complexity of 3GPP Proposal Reviews The volume of technical discussions and proposals at each 3GPP RAN1 meeting continues to grow. As RAN1#120 approaches, agenda item 9.9.1 (Measurements Related Enhancements for LTM) remains one of the most debated areas, with 301 proposals submitted by 28 sources. The sheer workload demands a structured approach—one that enables delegates to focus on the most impactful discussions while navigating industry priorities efficiently. Tracking the Developments: Agenda Item 9.9.1 Agenda item 9.9.1, Measurements Related Enhancements for LTM, has seen significant contributions at RAN1#118, RAN1#118-bis, and RAN1#119, paving the way for the upcoming RAN1#120 meeting....

2024.11.14 Jackson Lin

Background Since RAN#105, 3GPP has advanced 5G with AI/ML integration. The NR_AIML_air work item now focuses on applications like beam management, positioning, and CSI feedback to enhance network reliability and intelligence. This phase establishes protocols for seamless UE-to-network interactions, creating an adaptive 5G ecosystem. Tracking Progress: Agenda Item 8.1.2.2 Significant contributions were made under Agenda Item 8.1.2.2 - LCM for UE-sided model for Beam Management use case at RAN2#127 and RAN2#127b. RAN2#128 promises further advancements with over 210 proposals from 25 sources. Key Contributions Contributors: 25+ sources, 200+ proposals per meeting. Trends of contributors and contributions Technical Issues: Discussions include Definitions,...

2024.11.14 Jackson Lin

Enhancing Mobility Standards The 3GPP is advancing cellular standards in Release 19 through the NR Mobility Enhancements Phase 4 (NR_Mob_Ph4) work item. This initiative aims to address limitations from Rel-18 by expanding LTM capabilities, supporting inter-CU operations, and improving L1 measurement handling. These enhancements promise smoother mobility and better measurement efficiency in NR systems. Tracking the Developments: Agenda Item 9.9.1 Agenda item 9.9.1, Measurements Related Enhancements for LTM, has seen significant contributions at RAN1#118 and RAN1#118-bis, paving the way for the upcoming RAN1#119 meeting. Key Contributions Contributors: Over 25 sources submitted 25 TDocs with 270 proposals at each meeting. Trends...

2024.10.14 Jackson Lin

Background After RAN#105, the work item on Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) for NR Air Interface (NR_AIML_air; refer to RP-242399 for details) was revised to target enhancing 5G network performance. This evolution builds on prior studies to specify the signaling and protocols needed for AI/ML applications like beam management, positioning, and CSI feedback, ensuring a seamless operation between the network and user equipment (UE). In the previous RAN2#127 meeting, delegates made several key agreements under agenda item 8.1.2.2 - LCM (Life Cycle Management) for the UE-sided model for Beam Management. These included: Definitions: Supported functionalities are those reported by the...

2024.10.14 Jackson Lin

Background During the setting of cellular standards in Release 19, the work item NR Mobility Enhancements Phase 4 (NR_Mob_Ph4; refer to RP-241515 for the detailed scope of the WI) aims to address limitations introduced in Rel-18 by expanding LTM capabilities, supporting inter-CU operations, and enhancing L1 measurement capabilities. These enhancements ensure smoother mobility and efficient measurement handling in NR systems. In agenda item 9.9.1 - Measurements Related Enhancements for LTM (Layer 1/Layer 2 Triggered Mobility) at the previous RAN1#118 meeting, several important agreements were reached in R1-2407445, including: Support for L1-RSRP measurement based on CSI-RS, providing a more robust framework...

2024.08.16 Jackson Lin

Introduction As the digital landscape evolves, the importance of setting robust and sustainable standards for Ambient IoT (A-IoT) within NR cannot be overstated. The FS_Ambient_IoT_Solutions work item is at the forefront of this endeavor, aiming to develop a new 3GPP IoT technology that is ultra-low in complexity and power consumption, yet capable of supporting the vast scale of future IoT applications. The Road to Standards At the upcoming RAN2#127 meeting, agenda item 8.2.3—A-IoT Paging—will be a central focus. Across 34 distinct TDocs, contributed by 32 different sources, 233 proposals aim to define how IoT devices will operate in real-world environments....

2022.07.07 Patrick Liu

The future car is the hottest topic in the automotive market in recent years, which can be roughly divided into four technical fields: Connected Car, Autonomous Car, Sharing Car, and Electric Car, in sum, CASE[1] technology.  To understand the world's future car development, we cannot ignore China, which has the largest automobile production. Figure 1. Investment relationship of the Chinese automotive industry As shown in the investment relationship of the Chinese automotive industry in Figure 1, it includes investments, joint ventures, and cooperation between China's large traditional automakers (yellow blocks), large technology companies (purple blocks), and China's new automakers (green...

2022.06.23 Alvyn Lin

As a critical component of electric vehicles, batteries not only affect the endurance and performance of electric vehicles: they are also a key aspect of electric vehicles’ possible popularity in the future. With the rise of the electric vehicle industry, the global power battery field is also gradually moving towards a more mature stage where a hundred schools of thought compete in a rather fierce manner. Both Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) and China Aviation Lithium Electricity Technology Co., Ltd. (formerly known as China Aviation Lithium Battery Co., Ltd., or CALB) are China-based power battery manufacturers. Their batteries are...